8D-PolComp

Society

Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions. Adherents of conservatism often oppose modernism and seek a return to traditional values.

Progressivism is a political philosophy in support of social reform. Progressives reject traditions and social norms, and seek to change them politically.

Politics

Moderatism designates a rejection of radical or extreme views. A moderate is considered someone occupying any mainstream position avoiding extreme views and major social change.

Radicalism denotes the intent to transform or replace the fundamental principles of a society or political system, often through social change, structural change, revolution or radical reform.

Economics

Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, a price system, and private property.

Socialism is an economic philosophy characterized by social ownership of the means of production. Social ownership can be public, collective, cooperative, or of equity.

State

Authoritarianism is an embrace of unregulated exercise of political power. It typically emphasizes obedience to authority and limits political pluralism and civil liberties.

Libertarians advocate freedom within society from control or oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.

Diplomacy

Nationalism emphasizes national identity, national sovereignty, and prioritizing a country's interests over outside influence. Nationalists tend to favor stronger borders and a government focused primarily on its own citizens.

Cosmopolitanism emphasizes global cooperation and shared responsibility across borders. Cosmopolitans tend to support international institutions, open exchange, and policies that treat humanity as a broader community rather than prioritizing only national interests.

Government

Autocracy is a system of government where political power is concentrated in one person or a small group. Leadership is not meaningfully accountable through regular competitive elections, and opposition is often limited by law or force.

Democracy is a system where political power ultimately comes from the public, typically through elections and representative institutions. It usually involves legal limits on government power and some degree of political competition and accountability.

Technology

Primitivism is a critique of modern industrial society. Primitivists tend to see large-scale technology and complex systems as harmful or dehumanizing, and may prefer simpler, lower-tech, more local ways of living.

Transhumanism supports using science and technology to improve human capabilities and quality of life. This can include medical advances, life extension, genetic enhancement, and greater human control over biology.

Religion

Theocracy is a system where religious authority strongly shapes government and law. Theocrats generally believe the state should enforce religious values, and that political legitimacy comes from a divine or religious source rather than purely secular institutions.

Secularism is most commonly understood as keeping government neutral toward religion and separating religious institutions from state power. Secularists believe all religions should be treated equally by government, and no religion should have any influence in governance.