8D-PolComp

Society

Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions. Adherents of conservatism often oppose modernism and seek a return to traditional values.

Progressivism is a political philosophy in support of social reform. Progressives reject traditions and social norms, and seek to change them politically.

Politics

Moderatism designates a rejection of radical or extreme views. A moderate is considered someone occupying any mainstream position avoiding extreme views and major social change.

Radicalism denotes the intent to transform or replace the fundamental principles of a society or political system, often through social change, structural change, revolution or radical reform. The process of adopting radical views is termed radicalisation.

Economics

Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, a price system, and private property.

Socialism is an economic philosophy characterised by social ownership of the means of production. Social ownership can be public, collective, cooperative, or of equity.

State

Authoritarianism is an embrace of unregulated exercise of political power. Authoritarians often arbitrarily deprive the public, especilly minorities, of civil liberties, and have little tolerance for meaningful opposition.

Libertarians advocate being free within society from control or oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behaviour, or political views.

Diplomacy

Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference. It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on shared social characteristics of culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics, religion, and traditions. Nationalists often oppose oppose immigration, and believe their nation (and people) to be superior to others.

Cosmopolitanism can be defined as a global politics that, firstly, projects a sociality of common political engagement among all human beings across the globe, and, secondly, suggests that this sociality should be either ethically or organizationally privileged over other forms of sociality.

Government

Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power over a state is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control. It is the polar opposite to democracy.

Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislators. Cornerstones include freedom of assembly and speech, inclusiveness and equality, membership, consent, voting, right to life and minority rights. The greater the public participation in politics, the more democratic the society.

Technology

Primitivism is an ideology that advocates for returning to a primitive lifestyle or a pre-industrial lifestyle. They are opposed to technology during and after the Industrial revolution. Primitivists believe alienation from nature to be the root cause of many societal ills.

Transhumanism is a philosophical movement, the proponents of which advocate and predict the enhancement of the human condition by developing and making widely available sophisticated technologies able to greatly enhance longevity, mood and cognitive abilities. Transhumanists support technological growth and believe it will bring a better life for all humans.

Religion

Theocracy is a form of government in which a deity of some type is recognized as the supreme ruling authority, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries that manage the day-to-day affairs of the government. Theocrats believe their faith should be the divine rule of the land, and have little tolerance for other religions.

Secularism is most commonly defined as the separation of religion from civic affairs and the state, and may be broadened to a similar position concerning the need to suppress religion in any public sphere. Secularists believe all religions should be treated equally by government, that is, no religion should have any influence in governance.